Castello owes its name to a fortification present in the early Middle Ages on the island of Olivolo, today better known as the island of San Pietro di Castello. It was originally divided into the Gemine islands and the island of Olivolo, later united to form the present-day sestiere.
The Basilica di San Pietro di Castello still stands here today. It was the seat of the bishop until 1807, when Napoleon gave orders to move it to the Basilica di San Marco, until then the Doge's personal chapel and only open to the people for truly unique or special events.
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